PLC硬件和软件的进展,从系统上讲是实现小型化、高速化,以及将技术渗入PLC;从硬件上讲是,采用32位RISC的MPU、专用的LSI和多;从软件上讲则是,采用与国际标准IEC 61131-3相对应的工业标准JIS B 3503。
小型化由于电子可以说早就是起源于,又由他们来推动,并一直乐此不疲、贯彻至今的。小型化的好处是:节省空间、安装灵活、降低成本。
现今主要PLC厂商生产的模块式中、大型PLC,其典型的外形尺寸要比他们在前一代的同类产品的安装空间要小50-60%。例如三菱电机的小Q系列就比AnS系列的安装空间减少60%。要做到这一点,首先需要开发大规模的专用集成电路芯片(ASIC)来减少芯片的个数,并采用球栅阵列(BGA)以在同样封装尺寸下能提供足够多的针脚数。例如,某模块原来用了约700个元器件,通过开发了12种大规模的ASIC(采用BG352的针脚封装)和调整功能,减少了显示用的LED和开关等措施,使元器件减少了一半左右。其次,为减少接插件在印刷电路板上所占的空间,要求接插件的针脚间隔足够小。再次,随着微细加工技术的发展,印刷电路板上的接线布局可实现高密度化、多层化和薄型化,大大提高了元器件的安装率。例如某模块采用了1毫米厚的基板制成8层电路板。由于采取了以上这些措施,使模块由3块印刷电路板变为2块,体积减少了70%,小型化得以较地实现。随着小型化又产生了如何解决小空间的散热设计问题:一是要根据热分析仿真来确定元器件的布置安排;二是主要元器件的电源电压采用3.3V,达到低功耗的目的;三是考虑了通过安装模块的基板,使模块所产生的热量能得到良好散热的机械结构。
高速化所谓高速化应该包括:运算速度的高速化;与外部设备的数据交换速度高速化,如I/O刷新和网络刷新等;编程设备服务处理的高速化;外部设备的高速响应。
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