基本逻辑指令是PLC中基本的编程语言，掌握了它也就初步掌握了PLC的使用方法，各种型号的PLC的基本逻辑指令都大台大同小异，现在我们针对FX2N系列，逐条学习其指令的功能和使用方法，。每条指令及其应用实例都以梯形图和语句表两种编程语言对照说明。
一、输入输出指令（LD/LDI/OUT）
下面把LD/LDI/OUT三条指令的功能、梯形图表示形式、操作元件以列表的形式加以说明：
LD与LDI指令用于与母线相连的接点，此外还可用于分支电路的起点。
OUT指令是线圈的驱动指令，可用于输出继电器、辅助继电器、定时器、计数器、状态寄存器等，但不能用于输入继电器。输出指令用于并行输出，能连续使用多次。
含有两个以上触点串联连接的电路称为“串联连接块”，串联电路块并联连接时，支路的起点以LD或LDT指令开始，而支路的终点要用ORB指令。ORB指令是一种独立指令，其后不带操作元件号，因此，ORB指令不表示触点，可以看成电路块之间的一段连接线。如需要将多个电路块并联连接，应在每个并联电路块之后使用一个ORB指令，用这种方法编程时并联电路块的个数没有限制；也可将所有要并联的电路块依次写出，然后在这些电路块的末尾集中写出ORB的指令，但这时ORB指令多使用7次。
将分支电路（并联电路块）与前面的电路串联连接时使用ANB指令，各并联电路块的起点，使用LD或LDT指令；与ORB指令一样，ANB指令也不带操作元件，如需要将多个电路块串联连接，应在每个串联电路块之后使用一个ANB指令，用这种方法编程时串联电路块的个数没有限制，若集中使用ANB指令，多使用7次。
梯形图的设计与编程方法
梯形图是各种PLC通用的编程语言，尽管各厂家的PLC所使用的指令符号等不太一致，但梯形图的设计与编程方法基本上大同小异。
一、确定各元件的编号，分配I/O地址
利用梯形图编程，首先必须确定所使用的编程元件编号，PLC是按编号来区别操作元件的。我们选用的FX2N型号的PLC，其内部元件的地址编号如下表所示，使用时一定要明确，每个元件在同一时刻决不能担任几个角色。一般讲，配置好的PLC，其输入点数与控制对象的输入信号数总是相应的，输出点数与输出的控制回路数也是相应的（如果有模拟量，则模拟量的路数与实际的也要相当），故I/O的分配实际上是把PLC的入、出点号分给实际的I/O电路，编程时按点号建立逻辑或控制关系，接线时按点号“对号入坐”进行接线。FX2N系列的I/O地址分配及一些其他的内存分配前面都已介绍过了，同学们也可以参考FX系列的编程手册。
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