输入继电器(X)
PLC的输入端子是从外部开关接受信号的窗口,PLC内部与输入端子连接的输入继电器X是用光电隔离的电子继电器,它们的编号与接线端子编号一致(按八进制输入),线圈的吸合或释放只取决于PLC外部触点的状态。内部有常开/常闭两种触点供编程时随时使用,且使用次数不限。输入电路的时间常数一般小于10ms。各基本单元都是八进制输入的地址,输入为X000~X007,X010~X017,X020~X027。它们一般位于机器的上端。
二、输出继电器(Y)
PLC的输出端子是向外部负载输出信号的窗口。输出继电器的线圈由程序控制,输出继电器的外部输出主触点接到PLC的输出端子上供外部负载使用,其余常开/常闭触点供内部程序使用。输出继电器的电子常开/常闭触点使用次数不限。输出电路的时间常数是固定的。各基本单元都是八进制输出,输出为Y000~Y007,Y010~Y017,Y020~Y027。它们一般位于机器的下端。
三、辅助继电器(M)
PLC内有很多的辅助继电器,其线圈与输出继电器一样,由PLC内各软元件的触点驱动。辅助继电器也称中间继电器,它没有向外的任何联系,只供内部编程使用。它的电子常开/常闭触点使用次数不受限制。但是,这些触点不能直接驱动外部负载,外部负载的驱动必须通过输出继电器来实现。如下图中的M300,它只起到一个自锁的功能。在FX2N中普遍途采用M0~M499,共500点辅助继电器,其地址号按十进制编号。辅助继电器中还有一些特殊的辅助继电器,如掉电继电器、保持继电器等,在这里就不一一介绍了。
在PLC内的定时器是根据时钟脉冲的累积形式,当所计时间达到设定值时,其输出触点动作,时钟脉冲有1ms、10ms、100ms。定时器可以用用户程序存储器内的常数K作为设定值,也可以用数据寄存器(D)的内容作为设定值。在后一种情况下,一般使用有掉电保护功能的数据寄存器。即使如此,若备用电池电压降低时,定时器或计数器往往会发生误动作。
当定时器线圈T200的驱动输入X000接通时,T200的当前值计数器对10 ms的时钟脉冲进行累积计数,当前值与设定值K123相等时,定时器的输出接点动作,即输出触点是在驱动线圈后的1.23秒(10*123ms=1.23s)时才动作,当T200触点吸合后,Y000就有输出。当驱动输入X000断开或发生停电时,定时器就复位,输出触点也复位。
每个定时器只有一个输入,它与常规定时器一样,线圈通电时,开始计时;断电时,自动复位,不保存中间数值。定时器有两个数据寄存器,一个为设定值寄存器,另一个是现时值寄存器,编程时,由用户设定累积值。
如果是积算定时器,它的符号接线如下图所示:
定时器线圈T250的驱动输入X001接通时,T250的当前值计数器对100 ms的时钟脉冲进行累积计数,当该值与设定值K345相等时,定时器的输出触点动作。在计数过程中,即使输入X001在接通或复电时,计数继续进行,其累积时间为34.5s(100 ms*345=34.5s)时触点动作。当复位输入X002接通,定时器就复位,输出触点也复位。
五、计数器(C)
FX2N中的16位增计数器,是16位二进制加法计数器,它是在计数信号的上升沿进行计数,它有两个输入,一个用于复位,一个用于计数。每一个计数脉冲上升沿使原来的数值减1,当现时值减到零时停止计数,同时触点闭合。直到复位控制信号的上升沿输入时,触点才断开,设定值又写入,再又进入计数状态。
其设定值在K1~K32767范围内有效。
设定值K0与K1含义相同,即在次计数时,其输出触点就动作。
通用计数器的通道号:C0~C99,共100点。
保持用计数器的通道号:C100~C199,共100点。
通用与掉电保持用的计数器点数分配,可由参数设置而随意更改。
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