随着科学技术的发展,PLC在工业控制中的应用越来越广泛。PLC控制系统的可靠直接影响到工业企业的安全生产和经济运行,系统的抗干扰能力是关系到整个系统可靠运行的关键。自动化系统中所使用的各种类型PLC,有的是集中安装在控制室,有的是安装在生产现场和各电机设备上,它们大多处在强电电路和强电设备所形成的恶劣电磁环境中。要提高PLC控制系统可靠,一方面要求PLC生产厂家提高设备的抗干扰能力;另一方面,要求工程设计、安装施工和使用维护中引起高度重视,多方配合才能完善解决问题,有效地增强系统的抗干扰能。
二、电磁干扰源及对系统的干扰
1干扰源及干扰一般分类
影响PLC控制系统的干扰源与一般影响工业控制设备的干扰源一样,大都产生在电流或电压剧烈变化的部位,这些电荷剧烈移动的部位就是噪声源,即干扰源。
干扰类型通常按干扰产生的原因、噪声干扰模式和噪声的波形质的不同划分。其中:按噪声产生的原因不同,分为放电噪声、浪涌噪声、高频振荡噪声等;按噪声的波形、质不同,分为持续噪声、偶发噪声等;按噪声干扰模式不同,分为共模干扰和差模干扰。共模干扰和差模干扰是一种比较常用的分类方法。共模干扰是信号对地的电位差,主要由电网串入、地电位差及空间电磁辐射在信号线上感应的共态(同方向)电压迭加所形成。共模电压有时较大,特别是采用隔离能差的配电器供电室,变送器输出信号的共模电压普遍较高,有的可高达130V以上。共模电压通过不对称电路可转换成差模电压,直接影响测控信号,造成元器件损坏(这就是一些系统I/O模件损坏率较高的主要原因),这种共模干扰可为直流、亦可为交流。差模干扰是指作用于信号两极间的干扰电压,主要由空间电磁场在信号间耦合感应及由不平衡电路转换共模干扰所形成的电压,这种直接叠加在信号上,直接影响测量与控制精度。
2 PLC控制系统中电磁干扰的主要来源
2.1来自空间的辐射干扰
空间的辐射电磁场(EMI)主要是由电力网络、电气设备的暂态过程、雷电、无线电广播、电视、雷达、高频感应加热设备等产生的,通常称为辐射干扰,其分布极为复杂。若PLC系统置于所射频场内,就回收到辐射干扰,其影响主要通过两条路径:一是直接对PLC内部的辐射,由电路感应产生干扰;而是对PLC通信内网络的辐射,由通信线路的感应引入干扰。辐射干扰与现场设备布置及设备所产生的电磁场大小,特别是频率有关,一般通过设置屏蔽电缆和PLC局部屏蔽及高压泄放元件进行保护。
2.2来自系统外引线的干扰
主要通过电源和信号线引入,通常称为传导干扰。这种干扰在我国工业现场较严重。
(1)来自电源的干扰
实践证明,因电源引入的干扰造成PLC控制系统故障的情况很多,笔者在某工程调试中遇到过,后更换隔离能更高的PLC电源,问题才得到解决。
Memocon-SC JRMSP-P8101 Progranmable Controller 3pcs
Memocon-SC POWER SUPPLY JRMSP-P8601
DDSCR-U84S-24 Memocon-SC U85 CPU
SERVOPACK CACR-PR01AD40RY75 100V 12pcs
SERVOPACK CACR-SR02AC1ER 200V Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK CACR-PRO2AC4ER 100V Q”ty:1
Memocon-SC DDSCR-GL20
Memocon DDSCR-130CPU54100 GL 130 CPU 35
SERVOPACK SGDE-01BPY24 100W Input:AC100-115V Output:0-115VMAX 12pcs
SERVOPACK SGDA-04AP 400W Input:AC200-230V Output:0-230VMAX 29pcs
SERVOPACK 1P2X SGDF-B5CP DC Input:24V 1A AC Output:3PH 0-24V 5W(hp)1.3A Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDH-A1BEY195 In:1PH 100-115VAC 1.1A Out:3PH 0-115VAC 0.7A 0.01kW 0.013hp+MECHATROLINK I/F UNIT JUSP-NS100 VER.04107 Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDA-08AP In:1PH AC200-230V 11A Out:0-230VMAX 750W 4.4A Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDA-02BS In:1PH AC100-115V 8A Out:0-115VMAX 200W 2.7A Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDA-01BPP In:1PH AC100-115V 4.5A Out:0-115VMAX 100W 2.2A Q”ty:2
SERVOPACK SGDM-01ADA M 1P1X In:1PH 200-230VAC 2A Out:3PH 0-230VAC 0.91A 0.10(0.13)kW(hp) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDA-01AP In:1PH 200-230VAC 2.5A Out:0-230VMAX 100W 0.87A Q”ty:2
SERVOPACK SGD-01AP In:1PH 200-230VAC 2.5A Out:0-230VMAX 100W 0.87A Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDA-01BSP In:1PH 100-115VAC 4.5A Out:0-115VMAX 100W 2.2A Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDM-15ADA R 1P1X AC 3PH In:200-230V 9.5A Out:0-230V 0-300Hz 11.6A 1.5kW Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDH-05DE 1P1X AC 3PH In:380-480V 2A Out:0-480V 0-300Hz 1.9A 0.5kW Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDH-08AE 1P1X AC 3PH In:200-230V 5.4A Out:0-230V 0-300Hz 5.7A 0.8kW Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDM-20AD AC 3PH In:200-230V 12A Out:0-230V 18.5A 2.0(2.682)kW(Hp) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDB-07ADM-P Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDB-15ADG-P AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz10A Out:0-230V 10.5A 1.3(1.74)kW(HP) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDE-03BPY15 In:1PH 100-115VAC 11A Out:0-115VMAX 360W 5.93A Q”ty:4
SERVOPACK SGDM-02ADA 1P1X In:1PH 200-230VAC 3.4A Out:3PH 0-230VAC 0-300Hz 2.1A 0.2(0.27)kW(hp) Q”ty:2
SERVOPACK 1P1X SGDB-02AM AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz 3A Out:0-230V 2A 0.2(0.27)kW(HP) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDB-10ADG-PY287 AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz 8A Out:0-230V 7.1A 0.85(1.14)kW(HP) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDS-02A15A In:1PH 200-230VAC 2.4A Out:3PH 0-230V 0-300Hz 200W 2.1A Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDM-A5AD In:1PH 200-230VAC 1.1A Out:3PH 0-230VAC 0.64A 0.05(0.067)kW(hp) Q”ty:2
SERVOPACK SGDM-08ADA-V M 1P1X 3PH AC In:200-230V 50/60Hz 5.4A Out:0-230V 5.7A 0.8(1.07)kW(hp) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK SGDS-04A12A 1P1X In:1PH 200-230VAC 4.7A Out:3PH 0-230V 0-300Hz 400W 2.8A Q”ty:2
SERVOPACK SGDS-10A01AR 1P1X AC 3PH In:200-230V 4.9A Out:0-230V 0-300Hz7.6A 1kW Q”ty:3
SERVOPACK 1P1X SGDB-30AM-P AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz 18A Out:2-230V 24.8A 3(4)kW(HP) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK 400V SGDH-1ADE 1P1X AC 3PH In:380-480V 32.7A Out:0-480V 29.3A 11(14.75)kW(HP) Q”ty:2
SERVOPACK SGDB-3ZAD AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz 145A Out:0-230V 175A 30.0(40.2)kW(HP) Q”ty:8
DRIVEPACK SERVO UNIT SGDC-20AJAY10 DC Input:280-330V 10.4A AC Output:3PH 0-230V 19A 2.0(2.68)kW(Hp) Q”ty:1
DRIVEPACK SERVO UNIT SGDC-50AJA DC Input:280-330V 23A AC Output:3PH 0-230V 33A 5.0(6.70)kW(Hp) Q”ty:1
DRIVEPACK SERVO UNIT SGDC-10AJAY16 200V CLASS 3PH 1.5kW DC Input:280-330V 5.2A AC Output:3PH 0-230V 7.6A 1.0(1.34)kW(Hp) Q”ty:1
Memocon-SC GL10S-PR027 PROGRAMMINIG CONSOLE Q”ty:1
Memocon-SC GL10S3-C5DR-D Source:24VDC 20W UM:RAM WITH RTC In:24VDC 7MA Out:24VDC/250VAC 2AMAX Q”ty:4
Memocon GL120 JAMSC-120MMB10400 VER.B2B05 MC20 Motion Control 4axis order of speed:-10 to +10V Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK 1P2X DR2-04AC In:1PH 200-230VAC 5.1A Out:3PH 0-230VAC 2.6A 0.4(0.54)kW(Hp) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK CACR-IR30SEB AC 3PH In:200-230V 18A Out:0-230V 26A 3.0(4.02)kW(Hp) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK CACR-IR30SB AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz 18A Out:0-230V 20A 3.0(4.02)kW(Hp) Q”ty:3
SERVOPACK CACR-HR10BB AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz 8A Out:0-230V 7.6A 1.0(1.3)kW(Hp) Q”ty:1
SERVOPACK CACR-SR30SB1BSY119 AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz 18A Out:0-230V 14.6A 3.0(4.02)kW(Hp) Q”ty:16
SERVOPACK CACR-SR05BE12G AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz 5A Out:0-230V 3.8A 0.5(0.61)kW(HP) Q”ty:9
SERVOPACK CACR-IR10SB Q”ty:2
SERVOPACK CACR-HR44BBY100 AC 3PH In:200-230V 50/60Hz 24A Out:0-230V 33A 4.4(5.9)kW(HP)
SERVOPACK CACR-A1-NF3A In:1PH 200-230VAC 2A Out:3PH 0-230VAC 0.7A 0.1(0.134)kW(hp) Q”ty:1
CIMR-J7AA20P4 AC 3PH In:200-230V 3.9A Out:0-230V 0-400Hz 3A 1.1kVA Mass:0.8kg Q”ty:2
VS mini 100V SINGLE PHASE 0.75kW CA CIMR-XCAAA0P7 In:1PH 100-115VAC 20A Out:3PH 0-230VAC 1.9kVA 5A Mass:0.7kg Q”ty:1
VS mini 200V 3PH 0.4kW CB CIMR-XCBA20P4 AC 3PH In:200-230V 3.3A Out:0-230V 1.1kVA 3A Mass:0.9kg Q”ty:10
VS mini J7 200V 3PH 0.75kW CIMR-J7AA20P7 AC 3PH In:200-230V 6.4A Out:0-230V 0-400Hz 5A 1.9kVA Mass:0.9kg Q”ty:2
VS mini V7 200V 3PH 5.5kW CIMR-V7AA25P5 AC 3PH In:200-230V 33A Out:0-230V 0-400Hz 25A 9.5kVA Mass:4.6kg Q”ty:1
Varispeed 606PC3 200V SINGLE PHASE 1.5kW CIMR-PCAB1P5 In:1PH 200-240VAC 12.4A Out:3PH 0-240VAC 2.5kVA 6.5A Mass:3kg Q”ty:1
Varispeed 606PC3 200V SINGLE PHASE 2.2kW CIMR-PCAB2P2 In:1PH 200-240VAC 20.9A Out:3PH 0-240VAC 4.2kVA 11A Mass:4.8kg Q”ty:1
Varispeed 626VM3C CIMR-VMC22P2 200V CLASS INVERTER In:3PH 200-220VAC/50Hz.200-230VAC/60Hz Out:AC 3PH 13A Q”ty:1
Varispeed 626VM3 CIMR-VMS25P5 200V CLASS INVERTER In:3PH 200-220VAC/50Hz.200-230VAC/60Hz Out:AC 3PH 33A Q”ty:1
Varispeed 626VM3 CIMR-VMW2015 200V CLASS INVERTER In:AC 3PH 200-220V/50Hz.200-230V/60Hz Out:AC 3PH 90A SPEC:20152C Q”ty:1
Varispeed 616G3 CIMR-G3A2L45 SPEC:2L45 200V CLASS INVERTER AC 3PH In:200-220V/50Hz.200-230V/60Hz 224A Out:0-230V 76kVA 205A Mass:81kg Q”ty:1
Varispeed 686SS5 CIMR-SSA2030 SPEC:20301A 200V 30kW AC 3PH In:200-220V/50Hz.200-230V/60Hz Out:0-230V 50kVA 130A Mass:67kg Q”ty:1
Varispeed 616G5 CIMR-G5A4045 SPEC:40450C AC 3PH In:380-460V 50/60Hz Out:0-460V 73kVA 96A Mass:44kg Q”ty:1
VARISPEED 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR UAJPEE-15DKGFU 4 POLES 1.5kW 180V 40%ED 1800r/min 7.4A 0.775P Ins.B Mass:61kg Q”ty:3
VARISPEED 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR UAJPEE-22DK2TU 4 POLES 2.2kW 180V 40%ED 2800r/min 11A Q”ty:6
VARISPEED 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR UAJPEE-15DK2TU 4 POLES 1.5kW 180V 7.9A Q”ty:2
VARISPEED 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR EEVQ-51W 1.5kW 170V 50Hz 30MIN 1430r/min 7.9A Ins.B Mass:26.5kg Q”ty:2
3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR EELQ-5 0.2kW 8POLES 200V 50Hz 1.9A 750r/min / 200V 60Hz 1.72A 855r/min Rating:30MIN Ins.E 80 CLASS Q”ty:2