简化的程序结构:PLC的程序结构通常很简单,典型的为块式结构,不同块完成不同的功能,使程序的调试者对整个程序的控制功能和控制顺序有清晰的概念。
4.简化应用软件生成过程:使用汇编语言和语言编写程序,要完成编辑、编译和连接三个过程,而使用编程语言,只需要编辑一个过程,其余由系统软件自动完成,整个编辑过程都在人机对话下进行的,不要求用户有高深的软件设计能力。
5.强化调试手段:无论是汇编程序,还是语言程序调试,都是令编辑人员头疼的事,而PLC的程序调试提供了完备的条件,使用编程器,利用PLC和编程器上的按键、显示和内部编辑、调试、监控等,并在软件支持下,诊断和调试操作都很简单。
总之,PLC的编程语言是面向用户的,对使用者不要求具备高深的知识、不需要长时间的专门训练。
- 2编程语言的形式
本教材采用常用的两种编程语言,一是梯形图,二是助记符语言表。采用梯形图编程,因为它直观易懂,但需要一台个人计算机及相应的编程软件;采用助记符形式便于实验,因为它只需要一台简易编程器,而不必用昂贵的图形编程器或计算机来编程。
虽然一些的PLC还具有与计算机兼容的C语言、BASIC语言、专用的语言(如西门子公司的GRAPH5、三菱公司的MELSAP),还有用布尔逻辑语言、通用计算机兼容的汇编语言等。不管怎么样,各厂家的编程语言都只能适用于本厂的产品。
l编程指令:指令是PLC被告知要做什么,以及怎样去做的代码或符号。从本质上讲,指令只是一些二进制代码,这点PLC与普通的计算机是完全相同的。同时PLC也有编译系统,它可以把一些文字符号或图形符号编译成机器码,所以用户看到的PLC指令一般不是机器码而是文字代码,或图形符号。常用的助记符语句用英文文字(可用多国文字)的缩写及数字代表各相应指令。常用的图形符号即梯形图,它类似于电气原理图是符号,易为电气工作人员所接受。
l指令系统:一个PLC所具有的指令的全体称为该PLC的指令系统。它包含着指令的多少,各指令都能干什么事,代表着PLC的功能和性能。一般讲,功能强、性能好的PLC,其指令系统必然丰富,所能干的事也就多。我们在编程之前必须弄清PLC的指令系统
l程序:PLC指令的有序集合,PLC运行它,可进行相应的工作,当然,这里的程序是指PLC的用户程序。用户程序一般由用户设计,PLC的厂家或代销商不提供。用语句表达的程序不大直观,可读性差,特别是较复杂的程序,更难读,所以多数程序用梯形图表达。
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