梯形图是各种PLC通用的编程语言，尽管各厂家的PLC所使用的指令符号等不太一致，但梯形图的设计与编程方法基本上大同小异。
一、确定各元件的编号，分配I/O地址
利用梯形图编程，首先必须确定所使用的编程元件编号，PLC是按编号来区别操作元件的。我们选用的FX2N型号的PLC，其内部元件的地址编号如下表所示，使用时一定要明确，每个元件在同一时刻决不能担任几个角色。一般讲，配置好的PLC，其输入点数与控制对象的输入信号数总是相应的，输出点数与输出的控制回路数也是相应的（如果有模拟量，则模拟量的路数与实际的也要相当），故I/O的分配实际上是把PLC的入、出点号分给实际的I/O电路，编程时按点号建立逻辑或控制关系，接线时按点号“对号入坐”进行接线。FX2N系列的I/O地址分配及一些其他的内存分配前面都已介绍过了，同学们也可以参考FX系列的编程手册。
二、梯形图的编程规则
1、每个继电器的线圈和它的触点均用同一编号，每个元件的触点使用时没有数量限制。
2、梯形图每一行都是从左边开始，线圈接在右边（线圈右边不允许再有接触点），如图(a)错，图(b)正确。
3、线圈不能直接接在左边母线上。
4、在一个程序中，同一编号的线圈如果使用两次，称为双线圈输出，它很容易引起误操作，应尽量避免。
5、在梯形图中没有真实的电流流动，为了便于分析PLC的周期扫描原理和逻辑上的因果关系，假定在梯形图中有“电流”流动，这个“电流”只能在梯形图中单方向流动——即从左向右流动，层次的改变只能从上向下。
PLC系统应确保企业系统未来的扩展性，支持中国制造2025的宏伟蓝图。PLC应有助于实现更快的系统性能以及更出色的处理能力、生产率和安全性，从而满足智能制造机器和设备市场不断增长的需求。PLC能与配套的编程软件将人员和生产过程紧密联系起来，实现企业的智能制造。
一、PLC应具有的特性和优势：
更高的处理能力；
的运行稳定可靠性；
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