RS-422标准是一种以平衡方式传输的标准，即双端发送和双端接收，根据两条传输线之间的电位差值来决定逻辑状态。RS-422电路由发送器、平衡连接电缆、电缆终端负载和接收器组成。它通过平衡发送器和差动接收器将逻辑电平和电位差之间进行转换
选用MAXIM公司的MAX202实现RS-232与TTL之间的电平转换。MAX202内部有电压倍增电路和转换电路，仅需+5V电源就可工作，使用十分方便；选用MAX490实现RS-485与TTL之间的转换。每片MAX490有一对发送器/接收器，由于通信采用全双工方式，故需两片MAX490，另外只需外接4只电容即可。
PLC的RS-422接口配接DB-25型连接器，而PC机一般用DB-9型连接器。硬件电路图如图1所示。
将RS-232的RS、CS短接，这样对计算机发送数据来说，PLC总是处于就绪状态。也就是说，计算机在任何时候都可以将数据送到PLC内。又由于DR、ER交叉连接，因此，对计算机接收数据来说，必须等待至PLC处于准备就绪状态。
2通信装置的软件描述
2.1 FX2系列PLC与计算机之间通信协议
FX2系列PLC与计算机之间的通信采用RS-232标准，其传输速率固定为9600bps，奇偶校验位采用偶校验。数据格式如图2所示。数据以帧为单位发送和接收。一个多字符帧由力所示的五部分组成，其中和校验值是将命令码ETX之间的的呢字符的ASCII码（十六进制数）相加，取得所得和的低二位数。STX和ETX分别表示该字符帧的起始标起和结束标志。
FX2系列与计算机之间的通信是以主机发出的初始命令，PLC对其作出响应的方式进行通信的。共有0、1、7、8四种命令，上位机实现对PLC的读写和强行置位。通过ENQ、ACK和NAK，上位机协调与PLC的通信应答。
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