它有两组，组用以实现启动、停止控制。第二组仅一个END指令，用以结束程序。
l梯形图与助记符的对应关系：助记符指令与梯形图指令有严格的对应关系，而梯形图的连线又可把指令的顺序予以体现。一般讲，其顺序为：先输入，后输出（含其他处理）；先上，后下；先左，后右。有了梯形图就可将其翻译成助记符程序。上图的助记符程序为：
反之根据助记符，也可画出与其对应的梯形图。
l梯形图与电气原理图的关系：如果仅考虑逻辑控制，梯形图与电气原理图也可建立起一定的对应关系。如梯形图的输出（OUT）指令，对应于继电器的线圈，而输入指令（如LD，AND，OR）对应于接点，互锁指令（IL、ILC）可看成总开关，等等。这样，原有的继电控制逻辑，经转换即可变成梯形图，再进一步转换，即可变成语句表程序。
有了这个对应关系，用PLC程序代表继电逻辑是很容易的。这也是PLC技术对传统继电控制技术的继承。
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