l程序：PLC指令的有序集合，PLC运行它，可进行相应的工作，当然，这里的程序是指PLC的用户程序。用户程序一般由用户设计，PLC的厂家或代销商不提供。用语句表达的程序不大直观，可读性差，特别是较复杂的程序，更难读，所以多数程序用梯形图表达。
l梯形图：梯形图是通过连线把PLC指令的梯形图符号连接在一起的连通图，用以表达所使用的PLC指令及其前后顺序，它与电气原理图很相似。它的连线有两种：一为母线，另一为内部横竖线。内部横竖线把一个个梯形图符号指令连成一个指令组，这个指令组一般总是从装载（LD）指令开始，必要时再继以若干个输入指令（含LD指令），以建立逻辑条件。后为输出类指令，实现输出控制，或为数据控制、流程控制、通讯处理、监控工作等指令，以进行相应的工作。母线是用来连接指令组的。下图是三菱公司的FX2N系列产品的简单的梯形图例：
它有两组，组用以实现启动、停止控制。第二组仅一个END指令，用以结束程序。
l梯形图与助记符的对应关系：助记符指令与梯形图指令有严格的对应关系，而梯形图的连线又可把指令的顺序予以体现。一般讲，其顺序为：先输入，后输出（含其他处理）；先上，后下；先左，后右。有了梯形图就可将其翻译成助记符程序。上图的助记符程序为：
反之根据助记符，也可画出与其对应的梯形图。
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