接地是提高电子设备电磁兼容性(EMC)的有效手段之一。正确的接地,既能抑制电磁干扰的影响,又能抑制设备向外发出干扰;而错误的接地,反而会引入严重的干扰信号,使PLC系统将无法正常工作。
PLC控制系统的地线包括系统地、屏蔽地、交流地和保护地等。接地系统混乱对PLC系统的干扰主要是各个接地点电位分布不均,不同接地点间存在地电位差,引起地环路电流,影响系统正常工作。例如电缆屏蔽层必须一点接地,如果电缆屏蔽层两端A、B都接地,就存在地电位差,有电流流过屏蔽层,当发生异常状态如雷击时,地线电流将更大。
屏蔽层、接地线和大地有可能构成闭合环路,在变化磁场的作用下,屏蔽层内有会出现感应电流,通过屏蔽层与芯线之间的耦合,干扰信号回路。若系统地与其它接地处理混乱,所产生的地环流就可能在地线上产生不等电位分布,影响PLC内逻辑电路和模拟电路的正常工作。PLC工作的逻辑电压干扰容限较低,逻辑地电位的分布干扰容易影响PLC的逻辑运算和数据存贮,造成数据混乱、程序跑飞或死机。模拟地电位的分布将导致测量精度下降,引起对信号测控的严重失真和误动作。
2.2.3来自PLC系统内部的干扰
主要由系统内部元器件及电路间的相互电磁辐射产生,如逻辑电路相互辐射及其对模拟电路的影响,模拟地与逻辑地的相互影响及元器件间的相互不匹配使用等。这都属于PLC制造厂对系统内部进行电磁兼容设计的内容,比较复杂,作为应用部门是无法改变,可不必过多考虑,但要选择具有较多应用实绩或经过考验的系统。
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