实践证明,因电源引入的干扰造成PLC控制系统故障的情况很多,笔者在某工程调试中遇到过,后更换隔离性能更高的PLC电源,问题才得到解决。
PLC系统的正常供电电源均由电网供电。由于电网覆盖范围广,它将受到所有空间电磁干扰而在线路上感应电压和电路。尤其是电网内部的变化,入开关操作浪涌、大型电力设备起停、交直流传动装置引起的谐波、电网短路暂态冲击等,都通过输电线路传到电源原边。PLC电源通常采用隔离电源,但其机构及制造工艺因素使其隔离性并不理想。实际上,由于分布参数特别是分布电容的存在,隔离是不可能的。
(2)来自信号线引入的干扰
与PLC控制系统连接的各类信号传输线,除了传输有效的各类信息之外,总会有外部干扰信号侵入。此干扰主要有两种途径:一是通过变送器供电电源或共用信号仪表的供电电源串入的电网干扰,这往往被忽视;二是信号线受空间电磁辐射感应的干扰,即信号线上的外部感应干扰,这是很严重的。由信号引入干扰会引起I/O信号工作异常和测量精度大大降低,严重时将引起元器件损伤。对于隔离性能差的系统,还将导致信号间互相干扰,引起共地系统总线回流,造成逻辑数据变化、误动和死机。PLC控制系统因信号引入干扰造成I/O模件损坏数相当严重,由此引起系统故障的情况也很多。
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