一般讲,PLC分为箱体式和模块式两种。但它们的组成是相同的,对箱体式PLC,有一块板、I/O板、显示面板、内存块、电源等,当然按性能分成若干型号,并按I/O点数又有若干规格。对模块式PLC,有模块、I/O模块、内存、电源模块、底板或机架。无任哪种结构类型的PLC,都属于总线式开放型结构,其I/O能力可按用户需要进行扩展与组合。PLC的基本结构框图如下:
PLC中的是PLC的核心,起神经中枢的作用,每台PLC至少有一个,它按PLC的系统程序赋予的功能接收并存贮用户程序和数据,用扫描的方式采集由现场输入装置送来的状态或数据,并存入规定的寄存器中,同时,诊断电源和PLC内部电路的工作状态和编程过程中的语法错误等。进入运行后,从用户程序存贮器中逐条读取指令,经分析后再按指令规定的任务产生相应的控制信号,去指挥有关的控制电路,
与通用计算机一样,主要由运算器、控制器、寄存器及实现它们之间联系的数据、控制及状态总线构成,还有外围芯片、总线接口及有关电路。它确定了进行控制的规模、工作速度、内存容量等。内存主要用于存储程序及数据,是PLC不可缺少的组成单元。
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